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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Probiotics

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
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Area of Science:

  • Human Microbiome Research
  • Probiotic Efficacy Studies
  • Gut Health and Ecology

Background:

  • Bifidobacteria are crucial for gut health and widely used as probiotics.
  • Individual success of Bifidobacteria colonization is influenced by baseline gut microbiome composition.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to optimizing probiotic therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify non-Bifidobacterial taxa associated with Bifidobacteria in the human gut microbiome.
  • To develop predictive tools for Bifidobacteria colonization and probiotic response.
  • To investigate factors influencing Bifidobacteria persistence and increase in the gut.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 51,244 gut microbiomes from 149 cohorts across 45 countries.
  • Quantification of bacterial associations using reproducible Association-Scores, stratified by various factors.
  • Derivation of microbiome-level Receptive-Scores to predict Bifidobacterium colonization potential.

Main Results:

  • Identified age- and lifestyle-specific associations between Bifidobacteria and other gut taxa, including beneficial Firmicutes and potentially harmful Bacteroidota.
  • Demonstrated that Association-Scores are reproducible and predictable using genomic functions.
  • Showed that Receptive-Scores, combined with baseline Bifidobacterium abundance, significantly predicted intervention outcomes in an external dataset.

Conclusions:

  • This study elucidates key microbiome features governing Bifidobacterial colonization.
  • Developed novel Receptive-Scores offer a tool for predicting personalized probiotic responses.
  • Findings pave the way for tailored microbiome-based health strategies and improved probiotic efficacy.