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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

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Vestibular Functional Patterns in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis.

António Andrade1,2, Francisca Ferreira3,4, Maria Marques Silva1,2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Unidade Local de Saúde São João, Porto, Portugal.

Ear and Hearing
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) often involves vestibular dysfunction, particularly affecting the posterior semicircular canal, saccule, and utricle. These patterns suggest a potential vascular cause for SSNHL.

Keywords:
Head impulse testSaccule and utricleSemicircular canalsSudden hearing lossVertigoVestibular evoked myogenic potentialsVestibular function test

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a complex condition with poorly understood etiology.
  • Vestibular involvement is frequently observed in SSNHL patients, impacting balance and spatial orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and characterize prevalent vestibular dysfunction patterns in idiopathic SSNHL.
  • To explore the potential clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of these vestibular patterns.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was performed across PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar.
  • Studies analyzing vestibular function in SSNHL using video head impulse test, cVEMP, and oVEMP were included.
  • Statistical analysis (Chi-square test) was employed to determine the significance of observed vestibular patterns.

Main Results:

  • Eight studies involving 464 SSNHL cases were analyzed.
  • Vestibular dysfunction was identified in 72.4% of SSNHL cases.
  • The most common patterns involved cochlear (C)-only, C + posterior semicircular canal (PSC), C + saccule (S), C + utricle (U), and combinations thereof.

Conclusions:

  • Vestibular dysfunction is a common comorbidity in SSNHL.
  • Observed vestibulopathy patterns may correlate with the vascular supply of the vestibulocochlear artery, suggesting a vascular etiology.
  • Further research is needed to validate these associations and inform treatment strategies for SSNHL.