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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

74
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
74
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

17
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

10.6K
The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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HDV Infection Status in Tokushima Prefecture Based on Histopathological Evaluation:A Single-Institution Study.

Hirohisa Ogawa1, Kayu Kinouchi1, Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.

The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection appears absent or rare in Japanese patients with Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cancer. This study found no evidence of HDV in 95 HCC cases, contrasting with high prevalence elsewhere.

Keywords:
hepatitis D virushepatocellular carcinomaimmunostainingsurgical dissection

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.
  • HDV/HBV co-infection accelerates liver disease progression and cancer development.
  • HDV prevalence is high in some regions, but its status in Japan is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and prevalence of HDV infection in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan.
  • To provide histopathological evidence regarding HDV's role in liver carcinogenesis in Japan.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 95 surgically resected HBV-related HCC cases (2003-2023).
  • Immunohistochemistry performed on liver tissues to detect HDV large and small delta antigens.
  • ELISA testing of plasma samples from 12 patients.

Main Results:

  • No HDV antigen immunoreactivity detected in tumor or non-neoplastic liver tissues.
  • All tested plasma samples were negative for HDV by ELISA.
  • These findings indicate HDV infection is absent or extremely rare in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • HDV infection does not appear to contribute significantly to liver carcinogenesis in HBV-infected HCC patients in Japan.
  • The study provides histopathological evidence supporting low HDV prevalence in Japan, unlike hyperendemic areas.