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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...

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Case Series on Ectopic Pregnancy after Sterilization.

M S Priyanka¹, G Prema Priya, B Jeyamani

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

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|April 23, 2026

Summary

Ectopic pregnancy can occur years after female sterilization. Early diagnosis and surgical management are crucial for favorable outcomes in women presenting with abdominal pain, regardless of sterilization history.

Keywords:

Case series Série de cas ectopic pregnancy grossesse extra-utérine grossesse post-stérilisation ligature des trompes poststerilization pregnancy sterilization failure tubal ligation échec de stérilisation

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reproductive Health

Background:

Female sterilization is a common, effective permanent contraception method.
Pregnancy after sterilization carries a higher risk of ectopic implantation.
Ectopic pregnancy post-sterilization presents diagnostic challenges due to a false sense of security.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of ectopic pregnancies after tubal sterilization.
To highlight the importance of clinical suspicion in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy post-sterilization.

Main Methods:

A case series of four women with prior tubal sterilization diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy.
Data collected included patient demographics, sterilization details, symptoms, diagnostic findings, management, and outcomes.
Diagnosis confirmed via urine pregnancy tests, serum beta-hCG, and transvaginal ultrasonography.

Main Results:

All four women presented with lower abdominal pain, with intervals of 1-8 years post-sterilization.
Tubal ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in all cases; one ruptured requiring emergency surgery.
Surgical management led to favorable maternal outcomes with no major complications.

Conclusions:

Ectopic pregnancy is possible years after tubal sterilization.
Maintain high clinical suspicion for ectopic pregnancy in women of reproductive age with abdominal pain or menstrual irregularities, irrespective of sterilization.
Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are vital for preventing maternal morbidity.