Adolescent HPV Vaccination: A U.S. and Global Perspective on Overcoming Barriers

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and a major contributor to preventable cancers, including cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, with consequences for individual and population wellbeing. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, HPV vaccination rates remain significantly lower than those for other adolescent immunizations. This health equity-focused editorial explores key factors contributing to low vaccine uptake, including age-based recommendations, testing limitations, affordability, and structural barriers to access. Regional and gender disparities within the U.S., coupled with stark global differences between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, highlight the urgent need for targeted strategies. Improving HPV vaccination coverage requires a multifaceted approach, combining public education, provider advocacy, and capacity building to ensure equitable access. Addressing these gaps is essential to reduce HPV-related disease burden, improve population wellbeing and advance global health equity.