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Neurofilaments: A Promising Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis
Deepali Mathur1,2, Shivangi Vikas Mishra3,2, Soumyashree Rout3
1Neuro Care Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Annals of Neurosciences
|April 23, 2026
Summary
Neurofilaments (NFs) show promise as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS) by indicating axonal damage. Measuring NFs can help assess disease severity and guide treatment strategies for MS patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biomarker Discovery
- Neurology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes axonal damage, leading to cognitive and physical disability.
- Current methods for assessing MS severity lack sensitivity for subclinical disease.
- A need exists for biomarkers to track MS pathology, severity, and relapses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biology of neurofilaments (NFs) in MS.
- To explore the correlation between NF levels and MS disease activity.
- To discuss the clinical applicability of NFs in MS diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on neurofilaments and multiple sclerosis.
- Analysis of NF release mechanisms following axonal injury.
- Examination of NF levels in relation to MS stages and treatment responses.
Main Results:
- Neurofilaments are released into extracellular fluid after axonal damage.
- NF levels correlate with the severity of neuro-axonal damage, especially in early MS.
- NF measurements can potentially reflect subclinical disease activity.
Conclusions:
- Neurofilaments show potential as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting MS.
- NF levels can monitor disease activity and response to therapies.
- Further research into NFs may aid in developing new MS treatment strategies.
