Perspectives of Kurdish Postnatal Women on Respectful Maternity Care: A Qualitative Study

Respectful maternity care (RMC) is an essential component of high-quality maternal healthcare and a fundamental human right, ensuring that women experience childbirth with dignity, privacy, and autonomy. Despite global efforts to promote RMC, many women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, continue to experience mistreatment and disrespect during childbirth. This study aims to elucidate Kurdish postnatal women's preferences regarding respectful behaviors and interactions during labor and delivery, while also exploring their lived experiences, expectations, and the challenges they encounter within the healthcare system.

A qualitative descriptive study design was employed, from September 18, 2023 to December 26, 2023, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 postnatal women in a public hospital setting in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to capture diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes related to RMC, guided by the WHO framework on respectful maternity care.

Thematic analysis revealed six major themes: respect and dignity, gentleness and supportive care, clear communication, privacy, family presence, and cultural and religious sensitivity. Women emphasized the importance of non-discriminatory treatment, kind and patient midwives, clear and respectful communication, and privacy during medical procedures. Family presence during labor and culturally sensitive practices were also highly valued. Additionally, some women reported concerns regarding verbal abuse, neglect, and socioeconomic discrimination, indicating gaps in the provision of RMC.

The findings highlight the urgent need for healthcare systems in the Kurdistan region to align maternity care practices with the cultural, emotional, and physical needs of women. Recommendations include enhanced training for maternity care providers on respectful, patient-centered care, ensuring privacy, accommodating cultural and religious preferences, and supporting the involvement of family members during labor. Addressing these areas can strengthen trust in maternity services, improve maternal experiences, and contribute to broader global goals in maternal health and human rights.