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Association Between Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Cervical Artery Dissection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Robert J Trager^1,2,3, Pratheek S Makineni⁴, Debbie S Wright^5,6

¹Connor Whole Health University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA.

Health Science Reports

|April 23, 2026

Summary

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is linked to a higher risk of cervical artery dissection (CeAD). This study found AT patients had a 58% increased risk of CeAD within three years, highlighting a significant association.

Keywords:

autoimmune diseases cardiovascular diseases cerebrovascular disorders internal carotid artery dissection thyroid diseases vertebral artery dissection

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Neurology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Limited evidence suggests a potential link between autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and cervical artery dissection (CeAD).
Further investigation is needed to confirm AT as a risk factor for CeAD.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the hypothesis that AT is associated with an increased risk of CeAD.
To compare the incidence of CeAD in patients with AT versus matched euthyroid controls within three years of diagnosis.

Main Methods:

A de-identified US claims database (TriNetX) was used to identify adult patients with newly diagnosed AT and matched euthyroid controls from 2014-2024.
Propensity score matching controlled for CeAD-associated variables.
The primary outcome was the risk ratio (RR) for CeAD within three years, with secondary outcomes including vertebral/carotid artery dissection and stroke.

Main Results:

The AT cohort (143,831 patients) showed a significantly greater incidence and risk of CeAD compared to controls (0.040% vs. 0.025%; RR=1.58; p=0.029).
A significant increase in carotid artery dissection (RR=2.33; p=0.011) and stroke (RR=1.67; p<0.001) was observed in the AT group.
The cumulative incidence of CeAD demonstrated a time-dependent increase in AT patients relative to controls.

Conclusions:

Autoimmune thyroiditis is identified as a risk factor for cervical artery dissection.
Further research is warranted to explore mediating factors such as medications, hormone levels, and antibody status in the AT-CeAD association.