Methodology for wave power estimation at remote sites with satellite altimeter validation applied to Indonesia

This study investigated wave power at a remote site in Indonesia where in-situ data are scarce to inform feasibility and design parameters for a modular wave energy converter. The methodology was developed using models to assess initial wave energy, and to validate these models using remote-sensing data in the absence of in-situ observational data, intended to also be used more widely in data-poor locations to provide an assessment of wave energy site suitability. To assess the available wave energy, two models were employed: the Copernicus WAVERYS global wave model and a high-resolution model using open-source hydrodynamic modelling software. Affordable bathymetric data were used, and due to the lack of in-situ wave data for validation, the model's precision was confirmed by comparing it with the existing satellite altimeter data. The high-resolution model indicated a redistribution of wave energy around the target area in the southern region of Sumbawa Island, revealing an average wave energy potential of 18 kW/m over a decade at the location. The analysis showed the area to be suitable for this demonstration project, and the methods used here could be employed at other remote sites in the Indonesian archipelago.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40722-025-00455-0.