Clinical and Histopathological Features of Oral Verruciform Xanthoma: A Case Series of Three Patients

Oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is a rare benign lesion of the oral mucosa that often mimics other oral diseases. We report three cases of OVX and describe their clinical and histopathological characteristics. All patients presented with asymptomatic, well-demarcated verrucous lesions located on the attached gingiva. The patients ranged in age from 59 to 85 years, with a median age of 73 years. One patient had a history of umbilical cord blood transplantation and possible chronic graft-versus-host disease. Clinically, the lesions were suspected to represent papillary lesions. Excisional biopsy was performed in all cases. Histopathological examination demonstrated papillary epithelial architecture with elongated rete ridges and infiltration of foamy macrophages within the underlying connective tissue, thereby confirming the diagnosis of OVX. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. These findings emphasize the importance of histopathological evaluation for the accurate diagnosis of OVX.