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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

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Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
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Rethinking small vessel CTOs: collateral channels as a bridge to subsequent complex intervention-a case report
Zizhuo Su1,2, Jiajie Li1,2, Woliang Yuan1,2
1Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
European Heart Journal. Case Reports
|April 23, 2026
Summary
Utilizing collateral channels identified during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs) can enable retrograde approaches. This strategy successfully treated complex multi-vessel CTOs, improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Interventional Cardiology
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) present a significant challenge in interventional cardiology.
- The retrograde approach for CTOs relies on navigable collateral channels, limiting its application when collaterals are poorly visualized.
- Complete revascularization of multi-vessel CTOs remains difficult due to incomplete collateral pathway assessment.

