Knowledge regarding respiratory allergy among primary care physicians in Georgia

The prevalence of respiratory allergies has been increasing worldwide, yet there are limited data on the knowledge and practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Georgia, where access to primary care has expanded under the Universal Health Care Programme. Given that PCPs are often the first point of contact for patients with allergy symptoms, this study aimed to evaluate their education and knowledge regarding respiratory allergies in three regions of Georgia.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PCPs in Tbilisi, Samegrelo, and Kakheti. A structured questionnaire, reviewed by allergy specialists and public health experts and piloted before fieldwork, was administered face to face using Epi Info software from August 30, 2023, to July 11, 2024. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of respiratory allergy symptoms, environmental pollen sources, diagnostic tests, treatment practices, and levels of self-reported information. Knowledge scores were calculated based on correct responses. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26.0, with Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests used to assess associations (P < 0.05).

A total of 189 PCPs participated. Most respondents correctly identified common symptoms of respiratory allergies, such as coughing/sneezing (92.6%), difficulty breathing (89.4%), and rhinorrhea (85.7%), although some misidentified fever (26.5%) and diarrhea (11.6%) as typical symptoms. Nearly all physicians (98.4%) identified ragweed as a major pollen allergen, but fewer recognized Artemisia (22.8%) or Alder (16.9%). Specific IgE testing (96.8%) and spirometry (55.0%) were most frequently identified as appropriate diagnostic tools. Most participants (84.1%) prescribed intranasal and oral medications, while 25.9% believed antibiotics may be included in asthma treatment. A substantial proportion (69.8%) felt only partially informed about respiratory allergies. PCPs in Tbilisi more often demonstrated high knowledge of allergy symptoms than those in other regions (74.6% vs. 58.5%).

The findings reveal gaps in PCPs' knowledge and management of respiratory allergies in Georgia, including misconceptions about symptoms, allergenic pollens, diagnostics, and treatment. Most physicians expressed a need for further education, especially through training sessions and workshops. Strengthening PCP training is essential for improving care for patients with respiratory allergies in Georgia.