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The association between hemoglobin level and risk of developing dementia
Ji Hee Song1, Hyeon Ji Kim2, Minkook Son2,3
1Department of Psychiatry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|April 23, 2026
Summary
Abnormal hemoglobin levels, both low and high, are linked to increased dementia risk, especially in women. Managing hemoglobin may help prevent dementia.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Hematology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hemoglobin levels are crucial health indicators.
- Hemoglobin may influence dementia risk.
- This study investigates the link in a Korean population, by sex.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between hemoglobin levels and dementia incidence.
- To examine subtype-specific dementia risks (Alzheimer's, vascular).
- To determine if sex modifies these associations.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (316,542 adults ≥40 years).
- Followed participants from 2004-2005 to 2019.
- Analyzed dementia risk using sex-specific hemoglobin quintiles and Cox models.
Main Results:
- Both low and high hemoglobin quintiles increased all-cause dementia risk compared to the reference group.
- Alzheimer's risk increased with lower hemoglobin; vascular dementia risk increased at both extremes.
- Associations were more pronounced in women.
Conclusions:
- Abnormal hemoglobin levels are associated with higher dementia risk, particularly in women.
- Interventions targeting hemoglobin management and anemia correction could be beneficial for dementia prevention.
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