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Visual distraction and experience-based suppression in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A registered report
Mor Sasi1, Tair Vizel1, Nitzan Shahar1
1School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University.
Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more distracted by new stimuli but can suppress familiar distractions effectively. This clarifies inconsistent findings in previous attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder research.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by distractibility, but its mechanisms are unclear.
- Previous studies on visual distraction in ADHD yielded inconsistent results, possibly due to not accounting for experience-based suppression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate distraction in ADHD by differentiating between novel salient distractors and experience-based suppression.
- To explore how individuals with ADHD handle novel versus familiar visual distractors.
Main Methods:
- Participants searched for a target shape with salient color distractors that changed block-wise.
- Compared baseline distraction and feature-based suppression efficiency between ADHD participants and controls.
Main Results:
- ADHD participants showed higher distractibility by novel distractors compared to controls.
- ADHD participants demonstrated comparable efficiency in suppressing familiar distractors after repeated exposures.
Conclusions:
- Inconsistent findings in ADHD distractibility research may stem from variations in distractor novelty.
- ADHD is associated with increased sensitivity to novel distractors but intact suppression of familiar ones.
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