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    This study introduces a novel mathematical model to simulate Candida albicans skin infections in mice. The model accurately replicates fungal infection dynamics within host tissue, aiding in developing new therapeutic strategies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Mycology
    • Mathematical Biology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Candida is a significant fungal pathogen causing challenging clinical infections.
    • Understanding fungal infection dynamics in host tissue is crucial for developing effective treatments.
    • Modeling deep tissue fungal infections, especially with immune response interactions, requires further attention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a mathematical model for simulating fungal infections in host tissue.
    • To fit the model using image data from experimental mouse skin tissue sections.
    • To analyze Candida albicans infection dynamics under simplified immune interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a mathematical model adaptable to image data from tissue sections.
    • Assumed homogeneous densities of neutrophils and T cells at various tissue depths.
    • Utilized particle swarm optimization to estimate model parameters from fungal density data.
    • Simulated fungal infection over time at different depths and compared with experimental data.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully fitted the mathematical model to experimental data from mouse skin infected with Candida albicans.
    • Simulations demonstrated the model's capability to replicate fungal infection dynamics at various tissue depths.
    • The model effectively captured the progression of Candida albicans infections over time.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed mathematical model is effective in replicating Candida albicans infection dynamics.
    • This study presents the first model based on tissue section images to describe deep epidermal fungal infections with simplified immune interactions.
    • The model can predict infection processes, facilitating the development of localized fungal infection therapies.