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Masticatory ability and active aging: Uncovering a structural pathway mediated by depression.

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Good oral function in older adults is linked to better active aging. Improved masticatory ability positively impacts the Active Aging Index, with depression playing a partial mediating role.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Masticatory ability is crucial for physical health, psychosocial well-being, and social engagement in older adults.
  • Its specific role in active aging and the mediating influence of depression remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal association between masticatory ability and the Active Aging Index (AAI).
  • To examine the mediating role of depression in this relationship among older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal panel data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006-2022).
  • Employed ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and structural equation modeling (path analysis) on 8210 older adults.
  • Conceptualized masticatory ability as a need factor, depression as a psychosocial mediator, and AAI as a multidimensional aging outcome.

Main Results:

  • Higher masticatory ability was significantly associated with higher AAI scores (β = 0.0245, p < 0.001).
  • A direct effect of masticatory ability on AAI (β = 0.01917, p < 0.001) and an indirect effect via depression (β = 0.00537, p < 0.001) were observed.
  • Increased masticatory ability correlated with reduced depressive symptoms, which in turn predicted higher AAI.

Conclusions:

  • Masticatory ability demonstrates a positive association with active aging among older adults.
  • Depression partially mediates the relationship between oral function and active aging.
  • Oral function is integral to psychological well-being and overall aging outcomes.