Airway ultrasound in anaesthesia training: a scoping review

Airway ultrasound has become increasingly valuable in anaesthesia for airway assessment, tracheal intubation confirmation, and identification of anatomical variation. Despite its growing clinical role, integration into anaesthesia training programmes remains inconsistent globally. This scoping review aimed to map the current landscape of airway ultrasound training and identify gaps to guide future development.

We searched MEDLINE and Embase via Ovid on August 1, 2025 for peer-reviewed publications after 2000, in addition to grey literature from professional society websites and national or institutional curricula. Literature reporting airway ultrasound training programmes, educational approaches, or competency frameworks was included. We extracted data on curriculum content, teaching and assessment, and implementation factors, analysing these descriptively.

The search strategy yielded 215 peer-reviewed and 17 grey literature documents. Following exclusions, 11 records were identified, comprising eight peer-reviewed studies and three grey literature documents. Of these, 10 described airway ultrasound integration into training. All programmes incorporated both didactic and practical elements using simulation, live model scanning, or clinical practice. Curriculum content emphasised upper airway assessment, tracheal intubation, and front-of-neck access. Competency assessment included written and practical examinations, with portfolio requirements in four national programmes.

Airway ultrasound training shows considerable international variation in curriculum content and delivery despite growing recognition of its clinical value. Formal teaching remains inconsistent and often optional, constrained by faculty expertise, equipment availability, and curricular demands. Establishing standardised competencies and evidence-based assessment frameworks will be essential to effectively embed airway ultrasound into anaesthesia practice.