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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

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Not all Tregs in MDS are created equal.

Mischa Selig1, Livius Penter1,2,3

  • 1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

British Journal of Haematology
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A high frequency of specific regulatory T cells (CD95+/CD45RA-) indicates an immunosuppressive state. This profile is linked to the progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

Keywords:
immune monitoringmyelodysplastic neoplasmregulatory T cell

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Published on: December 30, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders.
  • Understanding the immune microenvironment is crucial for MDS progression.
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a significant role in immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and phenotype of regulatory T cells in MDS patients.
  • To determine if specific Treg subsets are associated with MDS progression.
  • To define the immunosuppressive profile in MDS.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • Immunophenotyping of T cell subsets, specifically regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • Correlation analysis between Treg populations and clinical parameters of MDS progression.

Main Results:

  • A significantly high frequency of CD95-positive/CD45RA-negative regulatory T cells was observed in MDS patients.
  • This specific Treg subset (CD95+/CD45RA-) was associated with markers of disease progression.
  • The presence of this cell population defines an immunosuppressive phenotype in the bone marrow microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • The CD95+/CD45RA- regulatory T cell subset is a key indicator of an immunosuppressive profile in MDS.
  • This finding highlights a potential mechanism for MDS progression.
  • Targeting this specific Treg population may offer therapeutic strategies for MDS.