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Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

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Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Site-2 protease-like protein 2 mediates phenol tolerance in Rhodococcus ruber through transcriptomic and functional

Fangwei Mei1, Shuwei Zhou2, Yubin Su3

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China; Department of Medical Technology, Nanchang Health Vocational and Technical College, Nanchang, 330000, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
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Site-2 protease like protein 2 (S2PLP2) enhances Rhodococcus ruber

Keywords:
Interacting proteinPhenol adaptabilityPutative Site-2 proteasesSPFH/Band7/PHB domain proteinTranscriptional reprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry and Proteomics
  • Environmental Science and Biotechnology

Background:

  • Phenol toxicity disrupts microbial membrane stabilization and cellular functions.
  • Rhodococcus ruber exhibits tolerance to phenol, with a previously identified protein (S2PLP1) linked to this trait.
  • The specific mechanism of phenol tolerance in R. ruber remained largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel protein involved in phenol tolerance in Rhodococcus ruber.
  • To elucidate the functional role and molecular mechanisms of site-2 protease like protein 2 (S2PLP2) in conferring phenol resistance.
  • To investigate protein-protein interactions of S2PLP2 under phenol stress.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis and membrane localization studies to identify S2PLP2.
  • Heterologous expression, purification, and antibody generation for S2PLP2.
  • Western blot analysis, transcriptomic profiling, GST pull-down assays, mass spectrometry, and microscale thermophoresis to assess S2PLP2 expression, function, and interactions.

Main Results:

  • S2PLP2 was identified as a hydrophobic transmembrane protein with conserved peptidase and CBS domains.
  • S2PLP2 expression significantly increased under phenol stress, and its overexpression enhanced bacterial growth.
  • Key upregulated pathways in S2PLP2 overexpressors included efflux pumps, membrane stabilization, and oxidative stress defense; SBP protein was identified as a strong binding partner.

Conclusions:

  • S2PLP2 plays a crucial role in enhancing phenol tolerance in Rhodococcus ruber.
  • S2PLP2 contributes to cellular defense mechanisms by modulating gene expression related to stress response and membrane integrity.
  • The findings reveal novel insights into the molecular basis of microbial adaptation to toxic organic compounds.