Modifiable PEDOT:PSS-based flexible diagnostic and therapeutic dressings for personalized wound management

Intelligent wound management necessitates flexible and personalized wound dressings capable of real-time physiological monitoring and targeted therapeutic interventions. A significant challenge lies in integrating diverse sensing and stimulation components into an all-in-one dressing while maintaining material compatibility and structural interoperability. Here, we present a sophisticated and scalable flexible diagnostic and therapeutic dressing (FDTD) based on modifiable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). By tuning the electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film (1 S/cm to 6.4 kS/cm) while maintaining a low Young's modulus, we enable the versatile integration of temperature, impedance, and pH sensors alongside electrical and optical stimulators into a single, flexible dressing. Biosensing assays demonstrate high sensitivity (1 Ω/°C, -2 mV/10% volumetric water content, and -30 mV/pH), excellent linearity (R² > 0.99), and robust reproducibility. In vivo therapeutic efficacy, rigorously assessed using circular and square wound models in Sprague-Dawley rats, reveals that FDTD-mediated electro-optical synergistic therapy achieves greater than 98% wound closure within 8 days, significantly outperforming the control group (<65%) and other reported physical therapies (≤90%). Mechanistically, accelerated regeneration is attributed to improved cellular proliferation, collagen organization, and neovascularization facilitated by electro-optical synergistic treatment. Furthermore, the integration of wireless power transfer and Bluetooth modules enables real-time data acquisition and remote therapeutic modulation, positioning FDTD as a promising platform for transformative wound management.