Association between neonatal sepsis and lung function in school-age children born preterm

Premature birth is associated with long-term respiratory sequelae, and impaired lung function is common in this population. Although bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a known risk factor, the long-term impact of neonatal sepsis remains unclear. This study investigated the association between neonatal sepsis and lung function in school-aged children born preterm.

In this retrospective cohort study, clinical information including neonatal sepsis history was obtained from medical records. Standardized spirometry was performed. Multiple linear regression with sequential adjustments was used to evaluate the association between neonatal sepsis and lung function.

A total of 125 preterm-born children completed lung function testing. Those with a history of neonatal sepsis exhibited lower VC, FEV₁, FVC, and MMEF compared with children without sepsis. In regression analyses, neonatal sepsis remained significantly associated with reduced MMEF after full adjustment for potential confounders. Associations with other spirometric parameters were no longer significant once BPD was included in the models.

Neonatal sepsis was independently associated with diminished small airway function in school-aged children born preterm, highlighting the importance for infection prevention and long-term respiratory follow-up in this vulnerable population.

Children born preterm with neonatal sepsis are an understudied population whose long-term lung outcomes remain unclear. This study separates the influence of neonatal sepsis from BPD-related pathways in affecting long-term lung function. We identify neonatal sepsis as a contributor to small airway impairment independent of BPD. The findings highlight the importance of targeted respiratory follow-up for preterm children with a history of neonatal sepsis. Emphasizing infection prevention strategies in early life may help protect long-term respiratory health in this vulnerable population.