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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology
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3D-bioprinting for joint regeneration.

Weida Li1,2,3, Yi Wang1,2,3, Yue Cui1,2,3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers personalized scaffolds for joint regeneration, replicating natural tissue complexity. While clinical translation is advancing, challenges like vascularization and mechanical strength need further research for widespread use.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingadditive componentsbiomaterialscellsregeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Joint injuries pose significant challenges with limited regenerative options.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables patient-specific scaffold fabrication for complex joint tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in 3D bioprinting for joint tissue engineering.
  • To evaluate bioprinting techniques, cell sources, biomaterials, and functional performance.
  • To discuss clinical translation and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of bioprinting techniques (extrusion, inkjet, laser-assisted).
  • Analysis of cell-laden bioinks, biomaterials, and biofunctionalization strategies.
  • Evaluation of functional performance of bioprinted cartilage, bone, and ligaments.

Main Results:

  • 3D bioprinting can create anatomically matched, multilayered scaffolds mimicking natural joint gradients.
  • Bioprinted tissues show promise for cartilage, bone, and ligament repair, including osteochondral and ligament-bone interfaces.
  • Clinical translation is progressing with commercial products and ongoing trials, but vascularization and mechanical performance remain challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized 3D bioprinted scaffolds hold significant potential for advancing joint tissue engineering.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in vascularization and mechanical properties for clinical success.
  • Key directions for integrating 3D bioprinting into clinical practice are identified.