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Inflammation significantly alters mucosal transcriptomic signatures in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Alexander Schnell1, Xinyi Wei1,2, Jan Bossenz3

  • 1Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Crohn'S & Colitis 360
|April 24, 2026
PubMed

Insights

The IBD-DCA score effectively assesses pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. Inflammation severity, not disease type, significantly impacts gene expression in pediatric IBD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) share inflammatory features, particularly in children.
  • Existing histopathological scoring systems are often specific to either CD or UC.
  • The IBD-DCA score integrates both CD and UC into a single system but requires validation in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the IBD-DCA scoring system in pediatric IBD patients.
  • To investigate the relationship between inflammation severity and gene expression profiles in pediatric IBD.
  • To identify key genes associated with inflammation in pediatric IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of gene expression data from 25 pediatric IBD patients (16 CD, 9 UC).
  • Application of the IBD-DCA score by an experienced pathologist to assess inflammation.
  • Stratification of patients into low (0-3) and high (4-6) DCA score groups.
  • Differential gene expression (DEG) analysis between low and high inflammation groups.

Main Results:

  • The IBD-DCA score successfully stratified inflammation in pediatric CD and UC.
  • DEG analysis identified 130 upregulated genes in the high inflammation group.
  • Eleven hub genes involved in immune regulation, including cytokines and costimulatory receptors, were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory activity, as measured by the IBD-DCA score, significantly influences the transcriptomic signature in pediatric IBD.
  • The IBD-DCA score is a valuable tool for assessing inflammation in pediatric IBD.
  • Gene expression patterns are more closely linked to inflammation severity than the specific disease entity (CD vs. UC).
Abstract

Keywords:
DCA scoreRNA sequencingpediatric IBD

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