Distinct types of regulated cell death in atherosclerosis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Cellular Pathology
• Inflammation Research

Background:

• Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of death, characterized by chronic inflammation.
• Key cells in AS lesions include vascular endothelial cells (VEC), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and macrophages.
• Regulated cell death (RCD) pathways significantly influence AS development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the various types of RCD involved in AS.
• To elucidate the roles of RCD in VEC, VSMC, and macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions.
• To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting RCD in AS.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of RCD mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of cellular and molecular pathways implicated in AS pathogenesis.
• Identification of therapeutic targets related to RCD in VEC, VSMC, and macrophages.

Main Results:

• Detailed overview of multiple RCD types (apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, etc.) in AS.
• Explanation of the complex interplay between different cell types and RCD.
• Identification of numerous compounds and drugs that modulate RCD to attenuate AS.

Conclusions:

• Understanding RCD in VEC, VSMC, and macrophages is crucial for AS research.
• Targeting specific RCD pathways presents a promising therapeutic avenue for atherosclerosis.
• This review provides a theoretical basis for developing novel anti-atherosclerotic treatments.