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Predictive model for laser-induced tissue necrosis with immunohistochemistry validation.

J Junior Arroyo1, Arunima Sharma2, Jiaxin Zhang2

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Biophotonics Discovery
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces numerical simulations to predict laser-induced necrosis in liver tissue, offering a faster, cost-effective alternative to empirical testing for developing surgical safety guidelines.

Keywords:
laser safetymicroscopynecrosisnumerical simulationphotoacoustic imagingsingle-cell segmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Photoacoustic imaging requires safety guidelines for diverse tissues, but laser-induced necrosis risk hinders its surgical application.
  • Current safety assessments are time-consuming and costly, necessitating advanced predictive methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate numerical simulation approaches for assessing laser-induced necrosis in liver tissue.
  • To establish a computational framework for creating tissue-specific laser safety guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated Monte Carlo simulations of laser-tissue interaction with COMSOL for thermal modeling.
  • Predicted tissue necrosis percentages based on varying laser energies and irradiation times.
  • Validated simulation predictions using in vivo porcine liver models and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Numerical simulations accurately predicted laser-induced necrosis, with deviations from quantitative IHC results ranging from 0.01% to 8.1%.
  • Damage thresholds were established within a necrosis prediction range of 15.05% to 66.23%.
  • Negligible tissue damage (<15.05% necrosis) was observed under specific laser energy conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a viable in silico alternative to empirical methods for laser safety guideline development.
  • The simulation framework shows potential for translation to various tissues and laser parameters.
  • This approach can accelerate the creation of essential safety protocols for photoacoustic imaging in surgery.