Periportal Extramedullary Hematopoiesis With Bile Duct Dilatation: A Case Report of a Rare Condition

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occurs in organs outside the bone marrow. In adults, it is usually linked to inefficient medullary hematopoiesis in the context of hematological diseases. It can manifest as hepatosplenomegaly and masses in different organs that can mimic neoplasms, often requiring histopathological analysis. Integrating clinical and radiological findings is crucial for accurate diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures. This report presents a case of an adult male patient with EMH and bile duct dilatation (a rare combination) in the context of accelerated phase primary myelofibrosis, whose complications ultimately led to his death despite adequate medical treatment. We emphasize the key radiological features that aid in differentiating EMH from other pathologies.