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Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Transport coupling framework for 3D-printed single-atom catalysts: bridging atomic precision and macroscale

Wenjun Yin^1,2, Mingxuan Bai³, Xurui Mai⁴

¹College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China. dongh@hnu.edu.cn.

Materials Horizons

|April 24, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the Transport Coupling Framework (TCF) to improve catalysis by linking atomic active sites with reactor design. 3D-printed single-atom catalysts (SACs) are presented as a key technology for optimizing transport synergy.

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Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Area of Science:

Catalysis
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Catalysis is crucial for clean energy and environmental tech.
Current limitations stem from a gap between atomic-scale active site design and macroscale reactor requirements.
Catalytic efficiency relies on coordinated electron, ion, and molecular transport.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose the Transport Coupling Framework (TCF) for optimizing catalytic performance.
To highlight the importance of cross-scale transport synergy in catalysis.
To introduce 3D-printed single-atom catalysts (SACs) as a platform for realizing TCF.

Main Methods:

Development of the Transport Coupling Framework (TCF).
Utilizing 3D printing technology to create single-atom catalysts (SACs).
Designing macroscopic architectures to precisely organize atomic sites.

Main Results:

TCF establishes cross-scale transport synergy as a fundamental principle for catalytic performance.
3D-printed SACs enable precise organization of active sites within macroscopic structures.
This approach transforms catalyst construction into a dynamic system for orchestrating energy and matter flows.

Conclusions:

The TCF provides a new perspective for advancing catalytic systems.
3D-printed SACs offer a powerful platform for implementing the TCF.
Optimizing coupled transport phenomena is key to enhancing catalytic activity and control.