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    This study introduces a novel subwavelength grating (SWG) antenna design to improve light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems. The enhanced antenna suppresses optical power leakage, boosting performance for beam steering applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Wavelength-tuning LiDAR systems commonly use gratings for beam steering.
    • Downward optical power leakage into the substrate is a significant challenge in grating-based systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and optimize a subwavelength grating (SWG) antenna design with shallow-etched auxiliary blocks.
    • To suppress downward optical power leakage and enhance beam steering performance in LiDAR systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Incorporation of shallow-etched auxiliary blocks into the SWG antenna to break vertical structural symmetry.
    • Optimization of geometric parameters using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.
    • Utilizing a coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) laser array and bidirectional waveguide propagation.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a transmission of 66.2% with a scanning rate of -0.233°/nm.
    • Transmission fluctuations were confined within 6.42%.
    • Demonstrated a 28° scanning field of view (FOV) over a 60 nm wavelength range.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed SWG antenna design effectively suppresses downward optical power leakage.
    • The optimized antenna design offers improved performance for wavelength-tuning LiDAR systems.
    • The system demonstrates a wide scanning FOV suitable for advanced LiDAR applications.