Simple-structure adaptive lens with wide focal tuning via an iris-diaphragm-actuated PDMS gel

Wide-range adaptive lenses are needed for machine vision and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), but are limited by cost and complexity. We demonstrate an adaptive lens integrating a compliant polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gel with a mechanical iris diaphragm (ID). As a representative example, an 80:1 PDMS gel formulation is selected for its combined high transparency and deformability. This PDMS gel uniquely combines solid-state stability with liquid-like deformability. Aperture adjustment mechanically modulates the gel curvature, enabling focal tuning from infinity to 8.6 mm with a resolution of 161.3 lp/mm. The all-solid-state, leakage-free design requires no liquids, high voltage, or complex actuators. These characteristics suggest the potential for adaptive optics in machine vision, microscopy, and UAVs.