Visual memory correlates with AD biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired individuals

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology evolves silently for many years prior to disease, and early identification of individuals at greatest risk is critical for improving outcomes.

We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using neuropsychological testing of 1697 healthy adults. Factor scores were submitted as predictors for structural magnetic resonance imaging, functional connectivity, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.

The EFA model identified five latent factors. Factor 1, Verbal Memory, included high loadings from Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Factor 2, Visual Memory, included high loadings from Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT). Factor 2 positively correlated with hippocampal volume, precuneus and posterior salience network connectivity, and negatively with CSF tau. Factor 1 correlated with hippocampal volume but not with network connectivity or CSF biomarkers.

Results demonstrate a significant relationship of visual memory with AD biomarkers. RCFT may be an important assessment for evaluating and tracking individuals during the earliest stages of AD pathology.