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Technology-Enhanced Exercise Training for Cardiometabolic Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Iosif-Alexandros Kouidis^1,2, Pantazis Deligiannis³, Anastasia Theofanous²

¹Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology

|April 24, 2026

Summary

Technology-enhanced exercise shows promise for managing metabolic syndrome (MetS) by improving adherence and personalization. However, current evidence is preliminary, with limitations in study duration and reporting.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence cardiometabolic risk continuous glucose monitoring exercise training exergaming metabolic syndrome structured physical activity telemonitoring virtual reality wearable devices

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Published on: October 10, 2019

Area of Science:

Exercise Science
Digital Health
Metabolic Health

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves central adiposity, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, and dysglycaemia, increasing risks for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Exercise training benefits MetS components but faces adherence, supervision, and personalization challenges in real-world settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a scoping review of clinical intervention evidence for technology-enhanced exercise and structured physical activity in MetS management.
To differentiate direct evidence of MetS improvement from translational evidence across various technology platforms.

Main Methods:

Searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Embase databases.
Included studies on web-based delivery, wearables, telemonitoring/mobile health (mHealth), AI coaching, virtual reality (VR)/exergaming, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with exercise.
Followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines for systematic reviews.

Main Results:

Nineteen studies were included, with a focus on wearables, apps, and telemonitoring/mHealth.
Technology primarily enhanced adherence, self-monitoring, accountability, and remote supervision.
Direct MetS evidence was strongest for wearables, telemonitoring, mHealth, and web-based approaches; AI coaching and CGM showed translational support.

Conclusions:

Technology-enhanced exercise offers preliminary potential for MetS management, improving key intervention aspects.
Significant limitations include short follow-up periods, uneven technology representation, and inconsistent reporting of exercise parameters and outcomes.
Further research is needed to address equity, implementation, and long-term effectiveness.