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Effect of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-Part II:

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Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) significantly improves combat sport performance in amateur athletes but shows minimal effects in elite athletes. Training experience is a key factor, with less experienced athletes benefiting more from PAPE protocols.

Keywords:
martial artsmuscle strengthpotentiationstrength and conditioningtaekwondo

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Combat Sports Performance

Background:

  • Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is a phenomenon where a preceding conditioning activity enhances subsequent muscular performance.
  • Its application in combat sports aims to improve acute, sport-specific performance.
  • This systematic review (Part II) focuses on PAPE's effects on combat athletes, considering training status and experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the acute effects of PAPE protocols on sport-specific performance in combat athletes.
  • To evaluate the moderating influence of competitive level and training experience on PAPE.
  • To identify effective PAPE conditioning activities for combat sports.

Main Methods:

  • A PRISMA-guided systematic literature search (2010-2024) identified 13 relevant studies.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on human trials with defined PAPE protocols and sport-specific tests (FSKT-10, TSAT).
  • A random-effects meta-analysis using Hedges' g was performed on data from 176 combat athletes.

Main Results:

  • Training status significantly moderated PAPE effects: amateurs showed large improvements (FSKT-10: g=1.28), while elites showed trivial changes (FSKT-10: g=0.11).
  • Athletes with less training experience (<6 years) demonstrated greater PAPE benefits (FSKT-10: g=1.60; TSAT: g=-1.64) than highly experienced athletes (>6 years).
  • Dynamic, biomechanically specific conditioning activities proved most effective for potentiation.

Conclusions:

  • PAPE can enhance acute sport-specific performance, particularly when employing dynamic and highly specific conditioning.
  • Elite and highly experienced combat athletes may experience a 'ceiling effect', diminishing PAPE benefits.
  • Individualized priming strategies may be necessary for optimizing performance in top-tier combat athletes, especially in taekwondo.