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Related Experiment Video

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Conserved Metanephric Kidney Development and Genome Methylation in Red-Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta

Bing Jia1, Mohamed Milad2, Hannah C Boehler1

  • 1NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA.

Journal of Developmental Biology
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Reptile and mammal kidney development shows genetic conservation. Turtle kidney progenitor cells, unlike mammals, form distinct rows, but gene methylation patterns are similar, suggesting conserved kidney development.

Keywords:
Six2kidneymethylationnephrogenesisturtle

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative developmental biology
  • Renal physiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mammals and reptiles use metanephric kidneys for homeostasis.
  • Metanephric kidney development is well-studied in mammals, but less so in reptiles.
  • Reptiles possess unique lifelong kidney progenitor cell populations for continuous nephron development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the conservation of reptilian metanephric kidney development using the red-eared slider turtle.
  • Compare kidney progenitor cell (NPC) development and morphology between turtles and mammals.
  • Analyze genetic conservation at the methylation level in turtle and mouse kidneys.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-mount kidney analysis in turtles.
  • Detection of the nephron progenitor cell (NPC) marker Six2.
  • Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on adult turtle and mouse kidney cortical tissue.

Main Results:

  • The Six2 marker showed a similar pattern in turtle kidneys as in mammals.
  • Turtle NPCs formed elongated rows, differing from the mammalian rosette-like morphology.
  • Significant gene methylation conservation was found between turtle and mouse kidneys, with unique turtle signatures in DNA repair and β-catenin signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Metanephric kidney development exhibits significant genetic conservation between reptiles and mammals.
  • Despite morphological differences in progenitor cell niches, core genetic regulatory mechanisms appear conserved.
  • Further research into unique turtle signaling pathways may reveal novel aspects of kidney development and regeneration.