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Integrative Multiomics to Discover Insights for Rutin Biosynthesis in Wolfberry.

Haotian Wu1, Jiabin Huang1, Gangqiang Dong2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
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Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) biosynthesis of rutin involves a unique enzyme acting as both a glycosyltransferase and hydrolase. This discovery offers insights for improving wolfberry cultivars and utilizing the whole plant.

Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Rutin and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA-2βG) show inverse accumulation in wolfberry cultivars.
  • Rutin is primarily found in wolfberry leaves and green fruits, where AA-2βG is absent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of rutin biosynthesis in wolfberry.
  • To identify key enzymes involved in rutin production.
  • To provide insights for wolfberry cultivar improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative metabolite profiling of wolfberry cultivars.
  • Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to study enzyme expression.
  • Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and phylogenetic analysis to identify UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs).
Keywords:
Lycium barbarumdeglycosylationflavonoidsglycosyltransferaserhamnosylation

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  • Enzymatic assays and site-directed mutagenesis with AlphaFold assistance to characterize enzyme function.

    • Main Results:

    • Five UGTs were identified as key enzymes in rutin biosynthesis.
    • LbUGT41 catalyzes the glucosylation of quercetin to isoquercitrin.
    • LbUGT60/80 catalyzes the rhamnosylation of isoquercitrin to rutin.
    • LbUGT41 demonstrated bifunctional glycosyltransferase/hydrolase activity.
    • Specific amino acid residues were identified as crucial for LbUGT41's hydrolytic function and LbUGT80's rhamnosylation activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Wolfberry possesses a distinct rutin biosynthetic pathway involving a bifunctional enzyme.
    • Understanding this mechanism can aid in developing improved wolfberry cultivars.
    • The findings support the comprehensive utilization of wolfberry plants.