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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
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Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
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An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation
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Predicting Absorption and Diffusion of Plasma-Generated O(3P), O(1D), and Other RONS in Aqueous Environments Using

Tijin H G Saji1,2, Thijs J H Vlugt3, Sofia Calero1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Technical University of Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

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We developed new models to estimate the solubility and diffusion of plasma-generated Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) in water, providing key data for health and agriculture applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma science and chemistry
  • Physical chemistry
  • Computational fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Plasma-generated Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) are crucial for health and agriculture.
  • Atomic oxygen, a key RONS, exists in ground O(3P) and excited O(1D) states.
  • Experimental data on atomic oxygen solubility and diffusion in water is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop state-specific force fields for modeling O(3P) and O(1D) interactions with water.
  • To estimate temperature- and quantum-state-dependent self-diffusion and Henry coefficients of atomic oxygen.
  • To propose a general framework for estimating RONS solubility and diffusion in water.

Main Methods:

  • Developed state-specific force fields accounting for quantum-state-dependent interactions.
  • Utilized molecular dynamics simulations to calculate diffusion and Henry coefficients.
  • Represented RONS as charge-neutral Lennard-Jones particles for a generalized approach.

Main Results:

  • Provided the first estimates of temperature- and quantum-state-dependent atomic oxygen diffusion and solubility.
  • Established a framework to estimate solubility and diffusion of various neutral RONS in water.
  • Investigated the influence of particle size, interaction strength, and temperature on RONS properties.

Conclusions:

  • The developed force fields and framework offer molecular-scale insights into plasma-liquid interactions.
  • These estimates are vital for device-level plasma-liquid simulations.
  • The study provides essential parameters for optimizing plasma applications in health and agriculture.