Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Potential for postmortem formation of ethanol in vitreous humor.

Journal of analytical toxicology·2026
Same author

A BEI for adipate esters - ACGIH seeks health effects data.

Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene·2026
Same author

Tolerant or Intolerant? Learning From Studying Drug Concentrations in the Living and the Dead.

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology·2024
Same author

Letter to the editor: Negative feasibility for 1-bromopropane and call for additional data.

Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene·2023
Same author

Poison hemlock determination in postmortem samples.

Forensic science international·2022
Same author

Melatonin Supplementation in Undetermined Pediatric Deaths.

Journal of analytical toxicology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

14.1K

PFAS co-positivities identified in more than 10,000 serum/plasma samples.

Laura M Labay1, Lee M Blum1

  • 1NMS Labs, Horsham, Pennsylvania.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nearly all humans are exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study found that PFAS exposure rarely involves single compounds, with most individuals having complex mixtures of multiple PFAS, highlighting the need for mixture-based health assessments.

Keywords:
Biomonitoringchemical combinationschemical exposureschemical mixturesendocrine disruptors

More Related Videos

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.8K
Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water
06:35

Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water

Published on: July 25, 2025

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

14.1K
Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.8K
Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water
06:35

Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water

Published on: July 25, 2025

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Biomonitoring

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals with widespread human exposure.
  • Emerging evidence suggests PFAS mixtures, not individual compounds, may impact health through additive or synergistic effects.
  • Clinical interpretation of biomonitoring data often overlooks the complex nature of PFAS exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize co-positivity patterns of PFAS in a large human serum/plasma sample set.
  • To evaluate the prevalence of single PFAS versus PFAS mixtures in human exposure.
  • To inform biomonitoring and risk assessment strategies by understanding common PFAS combinations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 10,566 human serum/plasma samples using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Evaluation of two distinct PFAS testing panels (13-analyte and 18-analyte).
  • Identification and quantification of specific PFAS analytes and their combinations.

Main Results:

  • Over 98% of samples contained at least one PFAS; only 0.18% had a single detected PFAS.
  • 58 unique PFAS combinations were identified in Panel 1 and 16 in Panel 2.
  • The most frequent combination (PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHpS) was found in 26.1% of samples.
  • Certain PFAS (9CI-PF3ONS, HFPO-DA, PFOSA, ADONA) were not detected in any samples.

Conclusions:

  • PFAS exposure in the U.S. population predominantly involves complex mixtures, not isolated chemicals.
  • The high prevalence of specific PFAS combinations underscores the need for mixture-based interpretation in biomonitoring.
  • Findings support the development of mixture-based risk assessments and clinical guidance for PFAS exposure.