Interface-modified graphitic carbon nitride/2-mercaptobenzimidazole/gold nanoparticles hybrids for efficient...

In this work, we report the rational design and synthesis of a novel graphitic carbon nitride/2-mercaptobenzimidazole/gold nanoparticles (CN/M/Au) piezo-catalyst with remarkable piezo-catalytic activity for green hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production under mechanical stimulation. The introduction of small molecule and metallic components enables significant electron transfer among CN, M, and Au, optimizing the electronic structure and enhancing charge separation and migration within the composite. Comprehensive characterizations-including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical analyses-reveal the coexistence of multiple reactive species and clarify the pivotal roles of both electrons and holes in the dual-pathway H₂O₂ generation mechanism, involving 2e^- oxygen reduction and 2e^- water oxidation reactions. The CN/M/Au catalyst exhibits a high H₂O₂ yield of 505.5 ± 8.1 μmol g^-1 h^-1 under optimal conditions, as well as outstanding stability and adaptability across a wide pH range. This study not only provides new insights into the design of efficient piezo-catalysts for sustainable H₂O₂ production, but also advances the fundamental understanding of the synergistic mechanisms in multi-component piezo-catalytic systems.