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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
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Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies

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Multi-scale quantification of non-point source nitrogen in a coastal river using an integrated multi-method

Meng Jiang1, Hui Peng2, Shengkang Liang1

  • 1Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.

Water Research
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an integrated framework to trace nitrogen sources in the Xiaoqing River Watershed. It found urban sewage dominates in dry seasons and agricultural non-point sources (NPS) in wet seasons, aiding targeted pollution management.

Keywords:
IsotopesLaizhou bayNon-point source tracingPollutant discharge coefficient methodSWAT

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecosystem Management
  • Water Quality Assessment

Background:

  • Coastal ecosystems face significant stress from excessive nitrogen inputs, primarily from human activities via rivers.
  • Quantifying non-point source (NPS) nitrogen contributions remains a persistent technical challenge for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply an integrated multi-method framework for tracing nitrogen sources at administrative scales.
  • To analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of NPS contributions under varying hydrological conditions in the Xiaoqing River Watershed.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated framework combining Pollutant Discharge Coefficient Method (PDCM), isotopic analysis, and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological modeling.
  • Downscaling nitrogen contributions to administrative management units for refined pollution source targeting.
  • Quantifying spatial distribution and seasonal shifts in nitrogen sources and transport pathways.

Main Results:

  • PDCM and SWAT showed moderate positive correlations in nitrogen loads and source contributions, enhancing pollution targeting.
  • Isotopic analysis and SWAT simulations revealed distinct seasonal shifts: urban domestic sewage (point sources) dominated dry seasons (~45%), while agricultural NPS prevailed in wet seasons (>65%).
  • SWAT model quantified NPS spatial distribution and identified seasonal differences in nitrogen transport to the river.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated framework significantly enhances the accuracy and comprehensiveness of NPS source tracing.
  • Provides a robust, administrable scientific basis for refined nitrogen management strategies in complex coastal watersheds.
  • Highlights the critical need for seasonal and spatially explicit approaches to manage nitrogen pollution effectively.