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Making waves: Wastewater sludge holds untapped antimicrobial potential.

Yu Hua1, Xiaoqing Xu2, Yingjie Chen2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecology Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.

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PubMed
Summary

Wastewater sludge can be a source for discovering new antimicrobials, not just a risk for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A new approach uses sludge for safe discovery, protecting both public health and the environment.

Keywords:
AMR stewardshipAntimicrobial peptidesMetagenomicsResistance-aware validationWastewater sludge

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key in AMR dissemination and control.
  • Wastewater sludge represents a vast, accessible microbiome shaped by antimicrobials and stressors.
  • This environment may harbor undiscovered antimicrobial functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a dual-function framework for wastewater sludge in AMR stewardship.
  • To establish sludge as a resource for surveillance and a source for antimicrobial discovery.
  • To outline a containment-first workflow for identifying antimicrobial peptides from sludge.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging advances in metagenomics and machine learning for peptide discovery.
  • Implementing an evidence ladder linking sequence data to functional validation.
  • Utilizing decision gates for cross-resistance screening and resistance-evolution assays.

Main Results:

  • A proposed framework for utilizing wastewater sludge for both AMR surveillance and antimicrobial discovery.
  • A workflow emphasizing offline, contained discovery to mitigate risks.
  • Recommendations for standardized benchmarks and reporting to enhance research comparability.

Conclusions:

  • Wastewater sludge offers a dual role in AMR stewardship: surveillance and antimicrobial discovery.
  • A contained, offline discovery approach is crucial for responsible innovation.
  • Standardized methods and data sharing are needed for effective AMR stewardship and discovery.