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Skyrmionic majority and minority gates for arithmetic and logic units.

Shivangi Shringi1, Srinivasu Bodapati1, Srikant Srinivasan2

  • 1School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.

Nanotechnology
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Skyrmion-based logic gates on ferromagnet-heavy metal bilayers offer energy-efficient beyond-CMOS computing. These gates perform basic logic functions and enable scalable nonvolatile logic-in-memory architectures.

Keywords:
anisotropybeyond-CMOS logic gatesskyrmionspin–orbit torque

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Skyrmions, topologically protected magnetic quasiparticles, are promising for next-generation electronics due to their stability and mobility.
  • Current CMOS technology faces scaling limitations, necessitating novel computing paradigms like beyond-CMOS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate skyrmion-based majority and minority logic gates for beyond-CMOS applications.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of these gates for constructing more complex circuits like full adders.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of skyrmion logic gates on ferromagnet-heavy metal (FM-HM) bilayer structures.
  • Utilizing skyrmion-skyrmion repulsion, ion-defined tracks, and edge confinement for gate operation.
  • Validation through micromagnetic simulations under varying track geometries and temperature conditions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated basic logic functions (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR) without external conversion circuitry.
  • Identified operational constraints for track inclination angle (<10°) and lateral spacing.
  • Confirmed device functionality up to 60 K for specific barrier configurations.

Conclusions:

  • Skyrmion-based majority and minority gates are structurally simple, cascadable, and energy-efficient.
  • These gates show potential for scalable, low-power nonvolatile logic-in-memory (NV-LIM) architectures.
  • The proposed designs pave the way for practical skyrmion-based computing devices.