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Diabetes distress and associated factors among adults with type 2 diabetes in Sweden - a cross-sectional study
Cecilia Josefsson1, Ulrika Pöder1, Mariann Hedström1
1Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 564, Uppsala 751 22, Sweden.
Aim:
To explore the occurrence of diabetes distress and its associations with diabetes self-management, sociodemographic factors, treatment regimen and late complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Sweden.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 adults with type 2 diabetes between 2021 and 2023. Data were collected through questionnaires and linked to the Swedish National Diabetes Registry. Diabetes distress was assessed using the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-17), and self-management was measured with the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). Linear regression analyses were performed with DDS scores as the outcome variable.
Results:
Moderate or high levels of diabetes distress were reported by 47.6% of participants, with regimen-related distress being the most prevalent subtype. Higher levels of diabetes distress were significantly associated with poorer diabetes self-management, particularly regarding dietary control, physical activity, and healthcare use. Having a partner was associated with lower regimen-related distress. No significant associations were observed between diabetes distress and treatment regimen or diabetes-related complications.
Conclusions:
Diabetes distress appears to be high among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and is closely linked to self-management. Clinical indicators, such as treatment regimens or diabetes complications alone, cannot reliably identify individuals experiencing distress. These findings underscore the need for systematic screening.
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