Guidance for general dental practitioners on the recognition and referral of potential orthognathic cases

Orthognathic treatment is a complex, multidisciplinary process that addresses significant dentofacial discrepancies to improve function, aesthetics, and quality of life. General dental practitioners (GDPs) play an important role throughout this journey, from early assessment and referral to long-term post-treatment care. This paper provides practical guidance for GDPs to optimise their contribution to the orthognathic pathway. Emphasis is placed on timely recognition of malocclusions and appropriate referral to specialist services, guided by an understanding of facial growth and dental development. Collaboration with orthodontic and surgical teams is critical for effective long-term management of these patients. Growth modification using functional appliances and protraction headgear are highlighted for their role in potentially reducing the need for orthognathic treatment. Additionally, the paper explores barriers to treatment including limited access to dental care, smoking, extremes in body mass index, and psychosocial factors. The importance of the GDP in peri-operative support, such as monitoring oral health, assisting with post-surgical challenges, and guiding long-term maintenance is underscored. Common complications, including neurosensory changes, relapse, root resorption, and plate-related issues, are discussed, with suggestions for GDP involvement in their management. By improving understanding and communication between primary and secondary care, GDPs can significantly improve the experience and outcomes of patients undergoing orthognathic treatment.