Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2026
Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures
Published on: January 9, 2019
Multi-omics analysis reveals AFAP1L1 as a prognostic biomarker and immune-related therapeutic target in glioma
Chenglong Wei1, Anmei Wang2,3, Zhaoqian Liu4
1Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013. 18567717301@163.com.
Objectives:
Actin filament-associated protein 1 like 1 (AFAP1L1) is an adaptor protein lacking enzymatic and transcriptional activity, but the AFAP1L1 gene functions as an oncogene in colorectal cancer and gastric cancers. This study aims to investigate the role of AFAP1L1 in glioma and to explore changes in AFAP1L1 expression during glioma progression.
Methods:
Clinical and transcriptomic data of glioma patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to analyze the associations between AFAP1L1 expression and glioma prognosis, somatic mutations, immune cell infiltration, and enriched signaling pathways. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect AFAP1L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in glioma patients.
Results:
Patients with high AFAP1L1 expression had poorer prognosis, and AFAP1L1 was identified as an independent risk factor for glioma. In addition, glioma patients with high AFAP1L1 expression exhibited lower levels of somatic mutations, including amplification of oncogenes such as epidermal growth factor receptor and deletion of tumor suppressor genes such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression (ESTIMATE) algorithm analysis showed that AFAP1L1 expression was positively correlated with the immune microenvironment. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) analysis indicated that glioma patients with high AFAP1L1 expression responded poorly to immunotherapy. Single cell analysis showed that AFAP1L1 expression was mainly concentrated in glioma cells. Enrichment analysis suggested that AFAP1L1 was potentially associated with small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), focal adhesion, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
Conclusions:
AFAP1L1 is a novel biomarker indicating glioma progression and a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
More Related Videos
09:17Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma
Published on: September 13, 2022
09:21Preparation Of Neovascular Tissues from Human Glioma Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Tumor Angiogenesis
Published on: March 20, 2026
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...