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Lateral Cervical Ectopic Thyroid: A Seven-Step Diagnostic Algorithm and Dual-Axis Treatment Strategy Derived From
Shuguang Huang1, Ling Wang1, Dejie Chen1
1Thyroid and Breast Surgery Department, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Head & Neck
|April 25, 2026
Summary
Lateral cervical ectopic thyroid gland (LETG) is rare. A systematic approach with intraoperative frozen sections can achieve definitive single-stage surgery, minimizing reoperations for this condition.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Surgical Oncology
- Head and Neck Surgery
Background:
- Lateral cervical ectopic thyroid gland (LETG) is a rare condition.
- Distinguishing LETG from metastatic lymphadenopathy is challenging.
- Standardized surgical strategies for LETG are lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify the clinical features of LETG.
- To establish an optimized management framework for LETG.
- To improve diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcomes for LETG.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review (2000-2025) of 69 cases.
- Pooled analysis of benign and malignant LETG cases.
- Evaluation of diagnostic and surgical strategies.
Main Results:
- Definitive pre- or intra-operative diagnosis is crucial for LETG management.
- Malignant pathology in the lateral neck lesion or orthotopic thyroid gland predicts multiple surgeries.
- Intraoperative frozen sections enabled definitive single-stage surgery, avoiding reoperations.
Conclusions:
- LETG management requires a systematic approach.
- A proposed "Seven-Step Diagnostic Algorithm" and "Dual-Axis Treatment Strategy" aid differentiation.
- These strategies facilitate precise diagnosis, single-stage surgery, and minimize reoperations.
