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Persistent Bilateral [18F]THK5351 and Migrating Unilateral [18F]FDG Uptake in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis

Yusuke Akitomi1, Kenichiro Taira1, Masanori Kurihara1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
|April 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis (LGI1-E) causes cognitive deficits. Neuroimaging reveals distinct metabolic patterns in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), with persistent [18F]THK5351 uptake correlating with residual deficits.

Keywords:
18F‐FDG PET/CT18F‐THK5351 PET/CTanti‐leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 encephalitisastrogliosismedial temporal lobe

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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