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Occurrence and Washout of Health-Hazardous Chemicals in Children's Clothing

Awat Dostberg1, Tim Åström1, Ioannis Sadiktsis1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Contact Dermatitis
|April 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children's clothing can contain hazardous textile chemicals. Cotton garments show lower chemical levels after washing, but release more into sweat compared to polyester.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Consumer Product Safety
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Textile chemicals pose risks like skin sensitization, particularly for children due to their sensitive skin.
  • Investigating chemical exposure from children's clothing is crucial for public health.
  • Understanding chemical presence and behavior in textiles is vital for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify 50 textile chemicals in children's clothing.
  • To assess the impact of laundry on chemical washout.
  • To determine the migration of textile chemicals into artificial sweat.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 60 children's garments from the Swedish market.
  • Utilized coupled automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ATD-GC/MS).
  • Conducted laundry experiments and simulated sweat migration tests.

Main Results:

  • Frequent detection of non-regulated chemicals like quinolines, halogenated arylamines, phthalates, and nitrobenzenes.
  • Highest chemical concentrations found for benzyl benzoate and 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline.
  • Polyester garments contained more chemicals; cotton showed greater washout but higher sweat migration.

Conclusions:

  • Cotton garments, especially after laundering, indicate lower direct exposure.
  • Cotton's higher migration into sweat suggests greater bioaccessibility.
  • Fibre type significantly influences chemical exposure and health risk assessment.
Abstract

Keywords:
ATD‐GC/MSchildren's clothesscreeningsweat migrationtextile chemicalswashout

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