Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Grain Boundary Plane Distribution and Texture Evolution Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B Magnets under Two

Qian Li¹, Wenhui Wang², Yuan Teng³

¹Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Thermoelectric Materials and Devices, Chengdu Polytechnic, Chengdu 610041, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|April 25, 2026

Abstract:

Understanding the influence of processing routes on grain boundary structure and crystallographic texture is essential for optimizing the magnetic performance of nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnets. In this study, a five-parameter crystallographic analysis was employed to systematically investigate the influence of spark plasma sintering and hot deformation sintering on the grain boundary plane distribution and crystallographic texture of nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnets. Its reveals that the hot deformation process confers marked advantages in promoting strong c-axis texture and tailoring grain boundary configurations. In hot deformed samples, [001]-oriented grains predominate, with the c-axis strongly aligned along the pressing direction, resulting in a significantly enhanced texture strength compared to spark plasma sintering samples. The grain boundary plane distribution in hot deformed samples exhibits a pronounced preference for low-index planes such as (001) and (110), with a peak intensity reaching 9.9 multiples of random distribution. In contrast, spark plasma sintering samples display a more randomized boundary plane distribution. Further, the five-parameter analysis indicates that the hot deformation processing promotes stronger preferential grain boundary plane alignments within specific misorientation ranges. Indeed, hot deformed samples demonstrate superior magnetic properties, with a remanence of 12.5 kG and a maximum energy product of 35.7 MGOe. Collectively, these findings clarify the intrinsic distinctions in microstructural evolution between the spark plasma sintering and hot deformation processes and underscore the utility of the five-parameter analysis in linking the processing pathways to microstructure and performance. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the grain boundary engineering and the optimization of processing routes toward high-performance rare earth magnets.

More Related Videos

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

Published on: November 22, 2021

Related Concept Videos

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Misorientation statistics across hot-deformed Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet boundaries and the potential correlation with magnetic properties.

RSC advances·2025

Silencing of Wnt5a during colon cancer metastasis involves histone modifications.

Epigenetics·2012

Metabolic outcomes of elderly patient populations initiating exenatide BID versus insulin glargine in an ambulatory care setting.

Current medical research and opinion·2012

miR-484 regulates mitochondrial network through targeting Fis1.

Nature communications·2012

Non-agonistic bivalent antibodies that promote c-MET degradation and inhibit tumor growth and others specific for tumor related c-MET.

PloS one·2012

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy complicated by multiple organ failure following cephalosporin-induced anaphylaxis.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2012

See all related articles