Transcriptome of muscle reveals resveratrol modulates energy metabolism and immunity in Litopenaeus vannamei

Energy metabolism is the core bridge connecting external challenges (stress, infection) with internal life support systems. Although Resveratrol has been extensively studied as a feed additive in aquatic animals, its crucial role in energy metabolism has been relatively overlooked. In this study, we investigated transcriptome profile and enzyme activity after feeding different concentrations of resveratrol (0%, 0.01%, and 0.02%) on the of shrimp muscle. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as the cell cycle, Hippo, and PI3K-Akt. Functional analysis indicated that low-concentration Resveratrol primarily regulated the synthesis of intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory immunity, and cellular energy metabolism, whereas high-concentration resveratrol significantly affected pathways including the spliceosome and cell junctions. Correlation analysis revealed the regulatory relationships between genes in immune and metabolic-related signaling pathways in shrimp muscle under resveratrol supplementation. In physiological validation experiments, feeding 0.01% resveratrol significantly increased the activities of ACP, ALP, SOD, and the content of GSH in shrimp muscle at 24 h post-infection with V. parahaemolyticus, whereas the enhancing effect of 0.02% resveratrol was markedly attenuated. These results indicate that low concentrations of resveratrol resist Vibrio infection by regulating energy metabolism allocation in shrimp.