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AcWRKY70-AcAMR1 modulates ascorbic acid accumulation in kiwifruit.

Yuxing Li1, Jinnan Liu1, Wenjie Jiang1

  • 1College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB
|April 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a new gene pathway regulating ascorbic acid (AsA) in kiwifruit. This AcWRKY70-AcAMR1 module controls AsA levels, offering targets for developing vitamin C-rich kiwifruit varieties.

Keywords:
AMR1AcWRKY70Ascorbic acidKiwifruit

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Fruit Biochemistry
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Kiwifruit (Actinidia species) are a significant source of ascorbic acid (AsA), but AsA content varies greatly among cultivars.
  • The genetic regulation of these variations in AsA accumulation in kiwifruit remains poorly understood.
  • Identifying key regulatory genes is crucial for improving fruit nutritional quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis and accumulation in kiwifruit.
  • To identify and characterize novel genes involved in regulating AsA levels in kiwifruit cultivars.
  • To explore the regulatory network governing AsA content for potential breeding applications.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning of AsA negative regulators (AeAMR1 and AcAMR1) from Actinidia eriantha and Actinidia chinensis.
  • Gene expression analysis, gene overexpression, and gene silencing to assess the impact on AsA content.
  • Promoter analysis, Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screening, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA), GUS, and dual-luciferase assays to elucidate regulatory interactions.

Main Results:

  • AcAMR1 negatively regulates AsA content in kiwifruit, with higher expression in 'Hongyang' correlating to lower AsA levels.
  • Significant differences in promoter regions of AeAMR1 and AcAMR1 were observed, indicating distinct regulatory elements.
  • AcWRKY70 was identified as a direct upstream regulator that binds to the AcAMR1 promoter and represses its activity, thereby positively influencing AsA levels.

Conclusions:

  • A novel AcWRKY70-AcAMR1 regulatory module controlling AsA biosynthesis in kiwifruit has been defined.
  • This pathway provides critical insights into the genetic basis of AsA variation in kiwifruit.
  • The identified genes and regulatory interactions serve as valuable genetic targets for breeding AsA-enriched kiwifruit cultivars.