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ORF603 derived from AcMNPV plays entirely opposite roles in regulating BmNPV infection

Xin-Yi Ding1, Jiang-Zhi Su1, Yu-Shuo Song1

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, China.

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology
|April 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ORF603 enhances Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) virulence by inhibiting DNA replication. This baculovirus gene offers insights for developing improved biopesticides.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pest Management

Background:

  • Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) share genomic similarity but differ in host range.
  • Identifying genes responsible for host specificity is crucial for expanding baculovirus applications in biocontrol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes in AcMNPV responsible for host range differences.
  • To investigate the role of specific AcMNPV genes, particularly ORF603, in altering BmNPV virulence and replication.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects of ORF603 on viral infection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and analysis of recombinant BmNPV expressing AcMNPV-specific genes.
  • Assessment of viral virulence and DNA replication efficiency in recombinant viruses.
  • Investigation of host cell responses, including cell cycle arrest and gene expression related to ribosome biogenesis and autophagy.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen AcMNPV-specific genes were identified; only ORF603 significantly altered BmNPV virulence.
  • Recombinant vBmNPV-ORF603 exhibited high virulence despite suppressed viral DNA replication, contradicting established theories.
  • ORF603 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in BmN cells, inhibiting DNA replication while enhancing viral gene transcription/translation via ribosome and autophagy pathways.

Conclusions:

  • AcMNPV ORF603 plays a dual role, mediating a trade-off between virulence and transmission in BmNPV.
  • The findings provide novel insights into baculovirus infection regulation and host-pathogen interactions.
  • ORF603 represents a potential target for engineering enhanced viral biopesticides with tailored virulence and transmission characteristics.
Keywords:
AutophagyBaculovirusesCell cycleMolecular mechanismORF603

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